I'll leave some things that I've learned about here. Feel free to add things so we can learn more!
Earthships (self sustaining structures made of recycled material. No bills!):
http://earthship.com/
Sustainable technology (open source and affordable schematics):
http://opensourceecology.org/
Permaculture (sustainable agriculture used for thousands of years):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture
Bucket gardens (really easy hydroponics):
http://www.pasturemanagement.com/Howtobucketgarden.htm
Rocket stove heater (sustainable home heating. Good for winter time earth ships and other structures):
http://www.richsoil.com/rocket-stove-mass-heater.jsp
Personal health:
The one really big issue with self sustainability is medical care. For that reason it's really important to watch your health and take good care of your immunal system. Here are some ways to do this I've learned about (and no I'm not going to post about homeopathic bullshit).
Mushroom species:
L. obliquus - AKA Chaga
G. lucidum - AKA Reishi
L. edodes - AKA Shiitake
These are all extremely healthy fungi with a long history of medicinal use. Reishi in particular has been used medicinally for thousands of years and hundreds of years in the case of Chaga. They are powerful anti-cancer foods, help to keep your immune system healthy, and can treat a variety of other illnesses. Both Reishi and Shiitake require saprotrophic nutrition to grow, and so an ideal environment for cultivating them is in what mycologists call a shotgun terrarium (currently the best and cheapest way to cultivate mushrooms at home). The link for the shotgun terrarium is a /great/ website for learning about growing medicinal mushrooms.
Good stuff 0xPirate. Most people do not realize the importance of at least some knowledge of self sustainability. I thought the earthship.com link was especially cool because I have never seen or heard of such a thing.
In the spirit of sharing here are some links:
"How to Harvest Grains on a Small Scale":
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfMafKjqRXQ
"Seed Saving Videos from Raven":
http://mapofsaltspring.com/raven/
"Fire by Friction hand drill in the snow" - a good video because when you need fire the most (when it is cold or wet due to rain or freezing temperatures) it is most difficult to make. I have only been able to make fire with the bow drill method, not the hand drill which is more difficult:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHPwkuH3tXg
And lastly (for now) Dick Proenneke is a true inspiration - The video series reminds me somewhat of Henry David Thoreau's book 'Walden'.
http://www.dickproenneke.com/
I have nothing to add, except that http://opensourceecology.org/ looks like a really cool idea. The merger of open source and industrial quality hardware. Redundant tools that people can replicate on their own. I looked into it further and turns out there's a Canadian working on their team as well, check it out:
http://www.thestar.com/living/article/1210348--mississauga-teen-gets-100-000-to-stay-out-of-school
Peter Thiel, libertarian venture fund investor threw some money his way to not go to school, and now he's making OS hardware. Pretty awesome all around, in my opinion. Hope we can get a "Global Village Construction Kit" up here some day.